Clinical Trial Radar

Peripheral Blood Immune Cell Subset Profiling by Mass Cytometry (CyTOF)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) will be analyzed by CyTOF using a 41-marker antibody panel (includingCD4, CD8, HLA-DR, CD25, CD127, CD45RA, CD38, CD66b, IgD,etc.) The outcome will be reported as the relative frequency (%) and absolute counts of defined immune subsets, including T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, Tfh, cytotoxic T cells), B cell subsets (naive, memory, B1a, transitional), NK cells, myeloid cells, plasmablasts, monocytes, MDSCs, and granulocytes. Functional phenotypes such as activation (HLA-DR), exhaustion (PD-1), and aging (CD57) will also be quantified.

baseline

Serum Cytokine Levels by ELISA

Plasma cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10) will be quantified using ELISA. Data will be reported as absolute concentrations (pg/mL) and compared across disease subgroups.

baseline

Sputum Microbiome Composition by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS)

Sputum samples will be analyzed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to characterize bacterial, fungal, and viral communities. Data will be aggregated as relative abundance (%) of microbial taxa and diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson).

baseline

Sleep-Disordered Breathing Severity Measured by Polysomnography

For patients with OSAS and snoring, Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), minimum SpO₂, and cumulative time with SpO₂ \< 90% (CT90) will be recorded overnight. Data will be summarized as mean values and categorized into mild, moderate, or severe OSAS.

baseline

Serum Lipid testing

Including serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides.

baseline

Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)

Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS): Evaluates daytime sleepiness severity; higher scores reflect greater impairment.Data will be summarized as mean total scores and categorized into severity levels (normal, mild, moderate, severe).

baseline

Asthma Control Questionnaire

In the asthma and ABPA research groups, the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) will be used to evaluate the control of asthma symptoms. ACQ is a validated questionnaire, with each question scoring 0-6 points. The average score will be calculated, with ≤ 0.75 indicating good control, 0.75-1.5 indicating partial control, and\>1.5 indicating uncontrolled.

baseline

AQLQ （Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire） Score

The Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire is used to evaluate the quality of life of asthma patients. The scoring range is 1 - 7 points. The higher the score, the better the quality of life.

Baseline

Borg rating

The Borg score is used to evaluate the degree of respiratory distress in patients with bronchiectasis, measuring their perceived physical activity or intensity using numbers. Subjective fatigue and respiratory distress are quantified on a 0-10 point scale, with higher scores indicating more severe respiratory distress.

baseline

FACED Score

FACED Score includes Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)、Age、 Chronic colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)、Extension (number of pulmonary lobes affected)、Dyspnea (mMRC score).It is used to assess the severity of bronchiectasis. The scoring range is from 0 to 10 points. Grade classification: 0 - 2 points: Mild. 3 - 5 points: Moderate. 6 - 10 points: Severe.

baseline

CAT（COPD Assessment Test） Score

A tool used in the bronchiectasis group to assist in assessing the severity and quality of life of patients with bronchiectasis. The rating range is 0-10 points. Grade classification: 0-2 points: Mild; 3-5 points: moderate; 6-10 points: severe.

baseline

SGRQ（St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire）Score

The SGRQ is used to evaluate the quality of life of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. It consists of three parts: symptoms, activities, and impact on daily life. The scoring range is 0 - 100 points. The higher the total score, the poorer the patient's quality of life.

baseline

mMRC（Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale）Score

The mMRC Score is used to assess the severity of dyspnoea and is divided into grades 0 - 4. The higher the score, the more severe the dyspnoea. Grade 0: Dyspnoea occurs only during strenuous exercise. Grade 1: Dyspnoea occurs when walking fast on flat ground or climbing a gentle slope. Grade 2: Dyspnoea causes the patient to stop and rest when walking on flat ground. Grade 3: Dyspnoea causes the patient to stop and rest after walking less than 100 metres or for a few minutes on flat ground. Grade 4: The patient is unable to leave home due to dyspnoea, or dyspnoea occurs when dressing or undressing.

baseline

FEV1（Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second）

Pulmonary function FEV1 index was evaluated in liters (L). It refers to the volume of air exhaled in the first second by the subject exhaling at the fastest rate after the maximum inspiration.

baseline

MMEF75/25（Maximal Mid-Expiratory Flow between 75% and 25% of FVC）

MMEF75/25 is measured in liters per minute (L/min). This is the average expiratory flow rate over the course of 75% to 25% of the forced expiratory volume. It is primarily used to assess the function of the small airways.

baseline

FVC（Forced Vital Capacity）

FVC is measured in liters (L). It is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled by exhaling forcefully as fast as possible after the maximum inhalation. This indicator reflects the ventilatory function of the lungs. FVC is generally around 3.5 - 5 L in normal adult males and slightly lower in females. FVC can be used to assess the elasticity of the lungs, the patency of the airways, etc.

baseline

FEV1/FVC（Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second to Forced Vital Capacity Ratio）

The unit of FEV1/FVC is %. It is mainly used to determine if there is an airflow obstruction. Normally, FEV1/FVC should be greater than 70%.

baseline

Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) Levels Measured by Standardized Analyzer

FeNO will be measured in exhaled air and reported in parts per billion (ppb). Data will be summarized as mean values to reflect airway inflammation.

baseline