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Clinical Trial NCT05108987 for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Metabolic Syndrome is recruiting. See the Trial Radar Card View and AI discovery tools for all the details. Or ask anything here. | ||
Exercise and Time of Day in Type 2 Diabetes
Recent work has begun to target the best time of day to exercise in effort to improve weight loss and related health. This has evolved in part since circadian biology reveals people tend to become glucose intolerant, and develop insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in the evening compared with morning. As a result, it would be reasonable to hypothesize that exercise in the afternoon may be best at combating natural declines in health as well as optimizing training adaptations. However, not all studies agree that afternoon is the best time to exercise. In fact, some have demonstrated that 12 wks of aerobic plus resistance exercise improved glycemic control whether performed in the morning or afternoon in adults with T2D. Moreover, consistent morning exercise has been suggested to improve exercise adherence through possible enjoyment as well as lead to greater weight loss. Taken together, additional work is warranted to understand time of day in which exercise is performed given circadian influence may contribute to variations in favorable metabolic as well as vascular adaptation for CVD prevention/treatment. Excitingly, we have preliminary data showing that afternoon exercise induces greater weight loss, reductions in food intake as well as perceptions of appetite and increased insulin sensitivity when compared to morning exercisers. Thus, the overall purpose of this proposal is to determine whether exercise time of day differentially enhances likelihood of weight loss via appetite regulation as well as glycemic control. Our overarching hypothesis is that afternoon exercise will enhance the effectiveness of exercise to induce weight loss, improve appetite and improve glycemic regulation compared to exercise in the morning. Taken together, findings from this study will inform public health recommendations to contemporary behavioral strategies to treat T2D. The study will also provide much needed experimental evidence to time of day in which exercise is performed influences public health risk.
Exercise Time of Day for Cardiometabolic Health in Type 2 Diabetes
- Pro2021001183
diet
exercise
mobile application
cardiometabolic
metabolic health
behavioral
vascular health
blood flow
continuous glucose monitoring
| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
ExperimentalMorning Exercise If subjects are randomly assigned to this group, they will participate in exercise training in the morning at a moderate to hard intensity. Subjects will be asked to regularly engage in morning exercise while supervised for about 2 weeks. | Morning Exercise Exercise at moderate to hard intensity will be performed in the morning for up to 10 sessions for about 1 hour under supervision in the morning. |
Active ComparatorAfternoon Exercise If subjects are assigned to this group, they will participate in the same exercise program but after in the afternoon. | Afternoon Exercise Exercise at moderate to hard intensity will be performed in the morning for up to 10 sessions for about 1 hour under supervision in the afternoon. |
| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
Body Weight | The primary outcome is changes in body weight pre- and post-intervention | Over the course of 2 weeks. |
| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
Glucose Tolerance | We will examine the influence of Noom on the glucose area under the curve during the oral glucose tolerance test. | Over the course of 2 weeks. |
Flow-mediated dilation | We will assess blood flow to better understand nutrient/glucose delivery. | Over the course of 2 weeks. |
- Male or female >30 and <70 years old.
- Has a body mass index >28 and <45 kg/m2.
- Previously diagnosed with T2DM.
- Subjects currently taking medications that affect heart rate and rhythm (i.e. Ca++ channel blockers, nitrates, alpha- or beta-blockers).
- Morbidly obese patients (BMI >46 kg/m2) and overweight/lean patients (BMI <27 kg/m2)
- Evidence of type 1 diabetes and diabetics requiring insulin therapy
- Subjects who have not been weight stable (>2 kg weight change in past 3 months)
- Subjects who have been recently active (>30 min of moderate/high intensity exercise, 2 times/week).
- Subjects who are smokers or who have quit smoking <1 years ago
- Subjects with abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
- Hypertriglyceridemic (>400 mg/dl) and hypercholesterolemic (>260 mg/dl) subjects
- Hypertensive (>160/100 mmHg)
- Subjects with a history of significant metabolic, cardiac, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular, hematological, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, liver, renal, or endocrine disease or cancer that in the investigator's opinion would interfere with or alter the outcome measures or impact subject safety.
- Pregnant (as evidenced by positive urine pregnancy test) or nursing women
- Subjects with contraindications to participation in an exercise training program
- Currently taking active weight suppression medication (e.g. phentermine,orlistat, lorcaserin, naltrexone-bupropion in combination, liraglutide, benzphetamine, diethylpropion, phendimetrazine)
- Known hypersensitivity to perflutren (contained in Definity)
Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNoom Inc.New Jersey