治験レーダー

hemoglobin A1c values measured at the five post-baseline follow-up points

This is a test that measures average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months

baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months

body weight measured at the five post-baseline follow-up points

This is an indices used in the estimation of BMI

baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months

Diabetes Knowledge

Diabetes knowledge of the participants will be assessed using a validated Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ). The DKQ is a 24-item questionnaire, designed by Starr County Diabetes Education Study, to elicit information about patients' understanding of the cause of their disease, its associated complications, blood glucose levels, diet, and physical activity. The DKQ has three response options "yes", "no", and "don't know". One point is awarded for each correct option, whereas, no point or negative scoring for the incorrect option. Its scoring involves summing-up the points obtained by each participant. A higher score represents better disease knowledge.

baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months

Diabetes self-management

Diabetes self-management/self-efficacy will be assessed using the Diabetes Empowerment Scale. Diabetes Empowerment Scale is a 28-item scale that measures diabetes-related psychosocial self-efficacy with an overall Cronbach's uses 3 subscales: Managing the Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetes, Assessing Dissatisfaction and Readiness to Change, and Setting and Achieving Diabetes Goals (Anderson et al, 2000). The questionnaires consist of 28 items with 3 subscales, with each item rated along a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree). The range of score is divided in three subgroups as low (28-65 scores), middle (66-103) and high (104-140).

baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months

Dietary Intake

24-hour dietary will be used to estimate the dietary intake of the participants

baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months

Diabetes Distress

The Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) is a 17-item scale that measures patient concerns about disease management, support, emotional burden and access to care. The response scale for each question ranges from "1" (not a problem) to "6" (a very serious problem). An average score of greater than or equal to 3 indicated moderate distress and discriminated between high and low distressed groups (Fisher et al, 2008)

baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months