Change in knowledge score as measured by the knowledge test.

The knowledge test was developed in collaboration with both physicians and nursing experts. The test was created to align with the educational objectives and content delivered during the intervention. The test consists of 15 multiple-choice items, with each item carrying a score of 1. The total score is 15, with higher scores indicating a greater level of knowledge. A higher score on the post-test indicates greater retention of knowledge.

Baseline, Post Education (within 2 weeks after surgery)

Change in Self-Efficacy as measured by the Self-care Self-Efficacy Scale (SCSES)

The Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale (SCSES): The instrument consists of 10 items designed to assess self-efficacy related to self-care. Responses are rated on a scale from 1 to 5. The total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy.

Baseline, Post Education (within 2 weeks after the surgery)

Quality of Postoperative Recovery as measured by the Post-discharge Surgical Recovery (PSR).

The PSR is a self-report tool to assess patients' perceived recovery. The PSR consists of 13 items that measure various aspects of recovery. Each item is presented on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10, with patients circling a number that reflects their response. Scores for each aspect range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better recovery.

Post Education ( within 2 weeks after surgery)

The acceptability of the intervention as measured by the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM)

The AIM consists of 4 items with 5-point ordinal response options from "completely disagree" (1), "Disagree" (2), "Neither Agree nor Disagree" (3), "Agree" (4), and "Completely Agree" (5). The total score is the sum of all items and ranges from 1 to 20. The higher score indicates greater acceptability.

Post Education (within 2 weeks after surgery)

The feasibility of the intervention as measured by the Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM).

The FIM consists of 4 items with 5-point ordinal response options from "completely disagree" (1), "Disagree" (2), "Neither Agree nor Disagree" (3), "Agree" (4), and "Completely Agree" (5). The total score is the sum of all items and ranges from 1 to 20. The higher score indicates greater feasibility.

Post Education (within 2 weeks after surgery)

The appropriateness of the intervention as measured by the Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM)

The IAM consists of 4 items with 5-point ordinal response options from "completely disagree" (1), "Disagree" (2), "Neither Agree nor Disagree" (3), "Agree" (4), and "Completely Agree" (5). The total score is the sum of all items and ranges from 1 to 20. The higher score indicates greater appropriateness.

Post Education (within 2 weeks after surgery)

Number of times the modules were visited as measured by the usage log

The usage log is displayed in the statistics dashboard of the microlearning education modules. This will include metrics of the number of times the educational modules are opened.

Post education ( 2 weeks after surgery)

Number of modules completed as measured by the modules log.

The number of module completions is displayed in the statistics dashboard of the microlearning education modules. This will include metrics of the number of module completions.

Post education ( 2 weeks after surgery)

The satisfaction level of the intervention implementation as measured by a 4-point Likert scale.

The questionnaire includes: "How satisfied are you with the overall Microlearning-based health education?" The Likert scale ranges from 1 to 4. A total score ranges from 1 to 4. A higher score indicates a higher level of satisfaction.

Post Education (within 2 weeks after surgery)

The recommendation likelihood of the intervention as measured by a 4 point Likert scale

The questionnaire includes:"How likely will you recommend this Microlearning-based health education to others? The Likert scale ranges from 1 to 4. A total score ranges from 1 to 4. A higher score indicates a greater recommendation likelihood of the intervention.

Post Education (within 2 weeks after surgery)

Number of services used after discharge as measured by patient self-report.

The number of services used after discharge is measured by the total number of patient-reported clarification calls, emergency room visits, and hospital admissions after discharge.

Post Education ( within 2 weeks after surgery)

Cognitive Status as measured by the Mini-Cog©

The Mini-Cog is a brief cognitive screening tool used to assess cognitive impairment. The instrument consists of two components: a three-item recall task and a clock-drawing task. The recall task scores range from 0 to 3. The scoring for clock drawing consists of either 2 or 0 points. The cumulative possible total score ranges from 0 to 5. A total score falling within the range of 0 to 2 points suggests a heightened probability of cognitive impairment warranting further investigation, while a score between 3 to 5 points indicates a low likelihood of cognitive impairment

Baseline

Health Literacy as measured by the Short Assessment of Health Literacy (SAHL)

The Short Assessment of Health Literacy-Spanish and English (SAHL) is a measure of individuals' health literacy. In administering this assessment, individuals are presented with 18 test terms, one at a time. Scoring for the SAHL includes one point for each correct answer, determined by both correct pronunciation and accurate association with the test item. The total score is 18, with a score between 0 and 14 suggesting low health literacy.

Baseline

eHealth Literacy as measured by the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS)

eHEALS consists of an 8-item scale measured on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5. The items assessed an individual's knowledge of online health information resources and their confidence in finding, evaluating, and using this information to make informed health decisions. The eHEALS scores, ranging from 8 to 40, indicate perceived eHealth literacy, with higher scores reflecting greater eHealth literacy and lower scores indicating lesser eHealth literacy.

Baseline