Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV)

An indicator of arterial stiffness. Higher values indicate stiffer arteries. Unit of Measure: cm/s

Baseline and Week 6

Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)

The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is the ratio of the systolic blood pressure measured at the ankle to the systolic blood pressure measured at the brachial artery. It is a non-invasive indicator used to assess the presence and severity of peripheral arterial stenosis or occlusion. Lower ABI values (typically \< 0.9) suggest narrowing or blockage of the arteries in the legs. Unit of Measure: ratio

Baseline and Week 6

Skeletal Muscle Mass

Assessed using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Represents the total weight of muscle tissue attached to the skeleton. Unit of Measure: kg

Baseline and Week 6

Total Body Fat Mass

Assessed using BIA. Represents the total weight of adipose tissue in the body. Unit of Measure: kg

Baseline and Week 6

Body Fat Percentage

Assessed using BIA. The proportion of fat mass relative to total body weight. Unit of Measure: %

Baseline and Week 6

Extracellular Water to Total Body Water Ratio (ECW/TBW)

Assessed using BIA. An indicator of body fluid balance and edema. Higher values may indicate fluid retention or inflammation. Unit of Measure: ratio

Baseline and Week 6

Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (SMI)

Calculated as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by height squared (kg/m\^2). Used to assess sarcopenia status. Unit of Measure: kg/m\^2

Baseline and Week 6

Phase Angle

Assessed by BIA. It reflects cellular membrane integrity and nutritional status. Higher values generally indicate better cellular health. Unit of Measure: degree

Baseline and Week 6

Pre-ejection Period (PEP)

Time interval from the onset of ventricular depolarization (QRS complex) to the beginning of ejection. Reflects myocardial contractility. Unit of Measure: ms

Baseline and Week 6

Left Ventricular Ejection Time (ET)

The duration of blood flow ejection from the left ventricle into the aorta. Unit of Measure: ms

Baseline and Week 6

Heart Rate Corrected Ejection Time (ETc)

Ejection time adjusted for heart rate, typically using Bazett's formula. Unit of Measure: ms

Baseline and Week 6

Upstroke Time (UT)

Time from the foot to the peak of the pulse volume waveform. A marker for arterial stiffness or stenosis. Unit of Measure: ms

Baseline and Week 6

ET/PEP Ratio

The ratio of ejection time (ET) to pre-ejection period (PEP). An index of left ventricular performance and efficiency. Unit of Measure: ratio

Baseline and Week 6

Percent Mean Arterial Pressure (%MAP)

The position of mean arterial pressure relative to the pulse pressure range. Used as an indicator of the pulse wave shape and vascular aging. Unit of Measure: %

Baseline and Week 6

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

The average pressure in a patient's arteries during one cardiac cycle. Unit of Measure: mmHg

Baseline and Week 6

Pulse Pressure (PP)

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It is a marker of arterial stiffness. Unit of Measure: mmHg

Baseline and Week 6

Peak Torque (Knee Extension/Flexion)

The maximum torque produced during isokinetic knee extension and flexion. Assessed at a 60°/s angular velocity. Unit of Measure: Nm (Newton-meters)

Baseline and Week 6

Total Work Done

The total amount of work performed by the muscle groups during the test protocol at an angular velocity of 180°/s. Unit of Measure: Nm

Baseline and Week 6

Fatigue Index

The percentage decline in peak torque calculated from the difference between the initial and final repetitions during a set of isokinetic contractions performed at an angular velocity of 180°/s. Unit of Measure: %

Baseline and Week 6

Hamstring-Quadriceps Ratio (H/Q Ratio)

The ratio of the peak torque of the hamstring muscles to the peak torque of the quadriceps muscles measured at an angular velocity of 60°/s. Unit of Measure: ratio

Baseline and Week 6

Bilateral Deficit

The percentage difference between the sum of peak torques produced by each leg individually and the peak torque produced when both legs act simultaneously, measured at an angular velocity of 60°/s. Unit of Measure: %

Baseline and Week 6