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IMPACT-MACS: Adrenalectomy vs Semaglutide for Metabolic Outcomes in Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion 75

Recruiting
Clinical Trial NCT07361874 (IMPACT-MACS) is an interventional study for Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS), Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (ACS), Subclinical Cushing's, Mild Autonomous Cortisol Excess that is recruiting. It started on March 5, 2026 with plans to enroll 75 participants. Led by University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, it is expected to complete by May 31, 2030. The latest data from ClinicalTrials.gov was last updated on March 27, 2026.
Brief Summary
The goal of this study is to learn how two treatments-adrenalectomy (surgical removal of an adrenal gland) and semaglutide (a medication used for weight management)-affect insulin resistance and cortisol regulation in adults with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS). The study will also learn how these treatments impact body composition, blood pressure, cholesterol, inflammation, muscle strength, and quality of ...Show More
Detailed Description
This single-center, prospective, interventional study evaluates metabolic responses to surgical versus medical treatment in adults with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS). The study includes:

  1. a randomized controlled trial comparing adrenalectomy to semaglutide in MACS, and
  2. a parallel matched case-control comparison evaluating semaglutide effects in MACS versus matched controls without adrenal tumors.

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Official Title

IMPACT-MACS Study: Investigating the Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Cardiometabolic Treatment in Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion

Conditions
Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS)Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (ACS)Subclinical Cushing'sMild Autonomous Cortisol Excess
Publications
Scientific articles and research papers published about this clinical trial:
Other Study IDs
NCT ID Number
Start Date (Actual)
2026-03-05
Last Update Posted
2026-03-27
Completion Date (Estimated)
2030-05-31
Enrollment (Estimated)
75
Study Type
Interventional
PHASE
N/A
Status
Recruiting
Keywords
Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion
MACS
Adrenal incidentaloma
Adrenal adenoma
Subclinical Cushing
Hypercortisolism
Cortisol dysregulation
Adrenalectomy
Semaglutide
Weight loss
Body composition
Insulin resistance
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp
Cortisol dynamics
Visceral fat
cardiometabolic risk
randomized controlled trial
Primary Purpose
Treatment
Design Allocation
Randomized
Interventional Model
Parallel
Masking
None (Open Label)
Arms / Interventions
Participant Group/ArmIntervention/Treatment
Active ComparatorArm 1: Adrenalectomy (MACS)
Adults with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) who are clinically eligible for adrenalectomy undergo unilateral adrenalectomy as part of standard care. Participants complete all metabolic assessments before and after treatment.
Intervention 1: Adrenalectomy
Surgical removal of one adrenal gland performed by an endocrine surgeon following institutional standard-of-care practices. Includes postoperative monitoring for adrenal insufficiency and routine clinical follow-up.
Active ComparatorArm 2: Semaglutide (MACS)
Adults with MACS receive once-weekly semaglutide for 26 weeks using FDA-approved weight-management dosing. Participants undergo the same assessments as the surgery group.
Intervention 2: Semaglutide
Once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide administered according to FDA-approved titration for chronic weight management (0.25 mg to 2.4 mg weekly as tolerated). Participants receive training on injection technique, dose escalation, and safety monitoring.
Active ComparatorArm 3: Semaglutide (Matched Controls)
Matched adults without adrenal tumors receive semaglutide using the same dosing schedule as MACS participants. This arm allows comparison of semaglutide responses between individuals with and without cortisol dysregulation.
Intervention 2: Semaglutide
Once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide administered according to FDA-approved titration for chronic weight management (0.25 mg to 2.4 mg weekly as tolerated). Participants receive training on injection technique, dose escalation, and safety monitoring.
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome MeasureMeasure DescriptionTime Frame
Change in Insulin Sensitivity (M-value), mg/kg/min
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp
Baseline to Week 26
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome MeasureMeasure DescriptionTime Frame
Change in fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL
Baseline to Week 26
Change in hemoglobin A1C, %
fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26
Change in fasting insulin, µU/mL
Fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26
Change in glucagon, pg/mL
Fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26
Change in c-peptide, nmol/L
Fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26
Change in IGF-1, ng/mL
Fasting blood glucose
Baseline to Week 26
Change in IGF-II, ng/mL
Fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26
Change in IGFBP-1, ng/mL
Fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26
Change in leptin, ng/mL
Fasting blood glucose
Baseline to Week 26
Change in adiponectin, μg/mL
Fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26
% of patients with normal dexamethasone suppression test, %
1-mg dexamethasone suppression test
Baseline to Week 26
Change in steroid profile, ng/24h
25-steroid profiling in the 24-hour urine, reported as aggregate
Baseline to Week 26
Mean change in systolic BP, mmHg
24-hour Ambulatory BP
Baseline to Week 26
Mean change in diastolic BP, mmHg
24-hour Ambulatory BP
Baseline to Week 26
Change in cholesterol, mg/dL
Fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26
Change in Free Fatty Acids, mmol/L
Fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26Baseline to Week 26
Change in C-reactive protein, pg/mL
Fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26
Change in TNF-alpha, pg/mL
Fasting blood glucose
Baseline to Week 26
Change in Interleukin-1, pg/mL
Fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26
Change in Interleukin-6, pg/mL
Fasting blood test
Baseline to Week 26
Change in body weight, kg
electronic scale
Baseline to Week 26
Change in BMI, kg/m2
calculated from weight and height
Baseline to Week 26
Change in waist circumference, cm
Tape measure
Baseline to Week 26
Change in fat area, cm2
Limited unenhanced CT
Baseline to Week 26
Change in muscle area, cm2
Limited unenhanced CT
Baseline to Week 26
Change in bone mineral density, mg/cm³
Limited unenhanced CT
Baseline to Week 26
Change in chair rise test, stands/30s
Time test, number of stands from chair in 30 seconds
Baseline to Week 26
Change in Hand Grip Strength, kg
Dynamometer
Baseline to Week 26
Change in overall quality of life, score
PROMIS Global Health Questionnaire, domain-specific scales; The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health v1.2 Questionnaire assesses overall health-related quality of life across multiple domains, including physical health, mental health, social functioning, fatigue, and general well-being. It yields two standardized T-score summary measures (Global Physical Health and Global Mental Health). Score Range: T-scores typically range from 20 to 80. Interpretation: Higher T-scores indicate better health-related quality of life. Assessment Method: Self-report questionnaire; estimated completion time 2-5 minutes.
Baseline to Week 26
Change in disease-specific QoL, score
Cushing Quality of Life Questionnaire (CushingQoL) Description: The Cushing Quality of Life Questionnaire (CushingQoL) is a disease-specific tool assessing health-related quality of life in individuals with hypercortisolism. It contains 12 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Score Range: 12 (minimum) to 60 (maximum). Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better quality of life; lower scores indicate poorer quality of life. Domains: Sleep disturbances, mood, physical appearance, social interaction, health concerns. Assessment Method: Self-administered; estimated completion time \~5 minutes.
Baseline to Week 26
Change in mood, score
PROMIS Depression Short Form \& PROMIS Anxiety Short Form Description: The PROMIS Depression Short Form and PROMIS Anxiety Short Form measure depressive and anxiety symptoms over the past seven days, assessing emotional distress, negative affect, and somatic symptoms. Responses are on a 5-point Likert scale ("Never" to "Always"), converted to standardized T-scores. Score Range: T-scores typically range from 20 to 80. Interpretation: Higher scores indicate worse depressive or anxiety symptoms. Assessment Method: Self-report questionnaires; estimated completion time 2-4 minutes each.
Baseline to Week 26
Change in cognition, seconds
Trail Making Test - Part A and Part B (TMT-A and TMT-B) Description: The Trail Making Test Parts A and B assess visual attention, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, and executive function. Part A requires sequential connection of numbers; Part B requires alternating between numbers and letters. Score Range: 0 to 300 seconds (maximum test time). Interpretation: Higher (longer) completion times indicate worse cognitive performance. Assessment Method: Performance-based timed test administered by study personnel; expected duration \~5 minutes.
Baseline to Week 26
Change in sleep, score
PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short Form Description: The PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short Form evaluates sleep quality, difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, and overall sleep problems over the past seven days. Scores are converted into standardized T-scores. Score Range: T-scores typically range from 20 to 80. Interpretation: Higher scores indicate worse sleep disturbance. Assessment Method: Self-administered; estimated completion time 2-4 minutes.
Baseline to Week 26
Change in frailty, score
FRAIL Scale (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, Loss of Weight) Description: The FRAIL Scale is a validated screening instrument assessing functional decline and physiological frailty. It consists of five yes/no items: fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and weight loss. Score Range: 0 (minimum) to 5 (maximum). Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater frailty. Frailty Categories: 0: Robust 1-2: Pre-frail 3-5: Frail Assessment Method: Administered by study personnel; duration \~1 minute.
Baseline to Week 26
Change in eating behavior, score
Eating Behavior and Appetite Questionnaire (EBAQ) Description: The Eating Behavior and Appetite Questionnaire (EBAQ) evaluates hunger, satiety, food cravings, and changes in appetite and eating behavior. It generates domain-specific and total scores. Score Range: Varies by version; treated as continuous scores with defined minimum and maximum values per subscale. Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater appetite or more pronounced eating-behavior disturbances. Assessment Method: Self-administered; estimated completion time 3-5 minutes.
Baseline to Week 26
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Baseline through Week 30
Participation Assistant
Eligibility Criteria

Eligible Ages
Adult, Older Adult
Minimum Age
18 Years
Eligible Sexes
All
  • Adults ≥18 years
  • MACS groups: adrenal adenoma + DST cortisol >1.8 µg/dL + no overt Cushing + eligible for adrenalectomy
  • Willingness to postpone surgery 6 months if randomized
  • Controls: no adrenal abnormalities + normal DST + BMI ≥27 + ≥2 cardiometabolic conditions
  • Stable medication doses for ≥4 weeks
  • Negative pregnancy test if applicable

  • Prior GLP-1 RA within 90 days
  • Weight change >5 kg in past 90 days
  • Prior obesity/diabetes surgery
  • Type 1 diabetes or other diabetes types
  • Severe organ disease
  • Recent pancreatitis
  • Pregnancy, breastfeeding
  • Contraindication to semaglutide
  • Contraindication to surgery delay
  • Chronic glucocorticoid use
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center logoUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center284 active studies to explore
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) logoNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Study Responsible Party
Oksana Hamidi, DO, MSCS, Principal Investigator, Associate Professor, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Study Central Contact
Contact: Oksana Hamidi, DO, MSCS, 214-645-6397, [email protected]
1 Study Locations in 1 Countries

Texas

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
Oksana Hamidi, DO, MSCS, Contact, 2146456397, [email protected]
Oksana Hamidi, DO, MSCS, Principal Investigator
Recruiting